The progression from obesity to type 2 diabetes in Alström syndrome.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-2012

Keywords

Adolescent, Adult, Alstrom Syndrome, Body Composition, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Young Adult

JAX Source

Pediatr Diabetes 2012 Feb; 13(1):59-67.

PMID

21722283

Volume

13

Issue

1

First Page

59

Last Page

67

ISSN

1399-5448

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Alström syndrome (ALMS) is a rare autosomal recessive monogenic disease associated with obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and alterations of glucose metabolism that often lead to the development of type 2 diabetes at a young age.

OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between weight and metabolism in a group of ALMS patients and matched controls.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Fifteen ALMS patients (eight males, seven females; aged 3-51) were compared in a cross-sectional study with an age- and weight-matched control population. Anthropometric parameters, fat mass, glucose and insulin secretion in basal and dynamic oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) conditions were measured. Furthermore, anthropometric and body composition data were obtained from an international group of 27 ALMS patients (13 males, 14 females, age range: 4-29 yr).

RESULTS: In ALMS we observed an inverse correlation between age and standard deviation scores for height, weight, and body mass index. The OGTT glycemic curves of ALMS subjects were similar to those of age-matched controls, whereas insulin response was clearly greater. In ALMS individuals the insulin response showed a reduction with age. We documented pathologic values of the derived indices homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity index, HOMA%β-cell and insulinogenic index in ALMS, but unlike the insulin-resistance indices, the β-cell function indices showed a significant reduction with age.

CONCLUSIONS: In ALMS the progression from the early onset obesity toward the impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance and overt diabetes is mostly because of a progressive failure of β-cell insulin secretion without any further worsening of insulin resistance with age, even in the presence of weight reduction.

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