Cholera toxin subunit B-peptide fusion proteins reveal impaired oral tolerance induction in diabetes-prone but not in diabetes-resistant mice.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2013

JAX Source

Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2969-2979.

ISSN

1521-4141

PMID

23925934

Abstract

The B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) has been used as adjuvant to improve oral vaccine delivery in type 1 diabetes. The effect of CTB/peptide formulations on antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells has remained largely unexplored. Here, using tetramer analysis, we investigated how oral delivery of CTB fused to two CD4(+) T-cell epitopes, the BDC-2.5 T-cell 2.5mi mimotope and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 286-300, affected diabetogenic CD4(+) T cells in NOD mice. When administered intraperitoneally, CTB-2.5mi activated 2.5mi(+) T cells and following intragastric delivery generated Ag-specific Foxp3(+) Treg cells and Th2 cells. While 2.5mi(+) and GAD-specific T cells were tolerized in diabetes-resistant NODxB6.Foxp3(EGFP) F1 and NOR mice, this did not occur in NOD mice. This indicated that NOD mice had a recessive genetic resistance to induce oral tolerance to both CTB-fused epitopes. In contrast to NODxB6.Foxp3(EGFP) F1 mice, oral treatment in NOD mice lead to strong 2.5mi(+) T-cell activation and the sequestration of these cells to the effector-memory pool. Oral treatment of NOD mice with CTB-2.5mi failed to prevent diabetes. These findings underline the importance of investigating the effect of oral vaccine formulations on diabetogenic T cells as in selected cases they may have counterproductive consequences in human patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Eur J Immunol 2013; 43:2969-2979.

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