Patients with acute myeloid leukemia and RAS mutations benefit most from postremission high-dose cytarabine: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
10-1-2008
Keywords
Adolescent, Adult, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Cytarabine, Daunorubicin, Female, Genes, ras, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Remission Induction, Statistics, Nonparametric, Survival Rate
Publisher
American Society of Clinical Oncology
Volume
26
Issue
28
First Page
4603
Last Page
4609
ISSN
1527-7755
JAX Source
J Clin Oncol 2008 Oct 1; 26(28):4603-9.
PMID
18559876
Abstract
PURPOSE: RAS mutations occur in 12% to 27% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and enhance sensitivity to cytarabine in vitro. We examined whether RAS mutations impact response to cytarabine in vivo.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred eighty-five patients with AML achieving complete remission on Cancer and Leukemia Group B study 8525 and randomly assigned to one of three doses of cytarabine postremission were screened for RAS mutations. We assessed the impact of cytarabine dose on cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) of patients with (mutRAS) and without (wild-type; wtRAS) RAS mutations.
RESULTS: Thirty-four patients (18%) had RAS mutations. With 12.9 years median follow-up, the 10-year CIR was similar for mutRAS and wtRAS patients (65% v 73%; P = .31). However, mutRAS patients receiving high-dose cytarabine consolidation (HDAC; 3 g/m(2) every 12 hours on days 1, 3, and 5 or 400 mg/m(2)/d x 5 days) had the lowest 10-year CIR, 45%, compared with 68% for wtRAS patients receiving HDAC and 80% and 100%, respectively, for wtRAS and mutRAS patients receiving low-dose cytarabine (LDAC; 100 mg/m(2)/d x 5 days; overall comparison, P < .001). Multivariable analysis revealed an interaction of cytarabine dose and RAS status (P = .06). After adjusting for this interaction and cytogenetics (core binding factor [CBF] AML v non-CBF AML), wtRAS patients receiving HDAC had lower relapse risk than wtRAS patients receiving LDAC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.67; P = .04); however, mutRAS patients receiving HDAC had greater reduction in relapse risk (HR = 0.28; P = .002) compared with mutRAS patients treated with LDAC.
CONCLUSION: AML patients carrying mutRAS benefit from higher cytarabine doses more than wtRAS patients. This seems to be the first example of an activating oncogene mutation favorably modifying response to higher drug doses in AML.
J Clin Oncol 2008 Oct 1; 26(28):4603-9.
Recommended Citation
Neubauer A,
Maharry K,
Mrózek K,
Thiede C,
Marcucci G,
Paschka P,
Mayer R,
Larson R,
Liu E,
Bloomfield C.
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia and RAS mutations benefit most from postremission high-dose cytarabine: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study. J Clin Oncol 2008 Oct 1; 26(28):4603-9.