A valid mouse model of AGRIN-associated congenital myasthenic syndrome.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

12-1-2011

Keywords

Agrin, Alleles, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Base Sequence, Cell Membrane, Disease Models, Animal, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Glycosylation, Mice, Mitochondria, Molecular Sequence Data, Motor Neuron Disease, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Mutant Proteins, Mutation, Myasthenic Syndromes, Congenital, Neuromuscular Junction, Phenotype, Protein Stability, Protein Transport, Proteolysis, Reproducibility of Results

JAX Source

Hum Mol Genet 2011 Dec 1; 20(23):4617-33.

PMID

21890498

Volume

20

Issue

23

First Page

4617

Last Page

4633

ISSN

1460-2083

Abstract

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are inherited diseases affecting the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Mutations in AGRIN (AGRN) and other genes in the AGRIN signaling pathway cause CMS, and gene targeting studies in mice confirm the importance of this pathway for NMJ formation. However, these mouse mutations are complete loss-of-function alleles that result in an embryonic failure of NMJ formation, and homozygous mice do not survive postpartum. Therefore, mouse models of AGRIN-related CMS that would allow preclinical testing or studies of postnatal disease progression are lacking. Using chemical mutagenesis in mice, we identified a point mutation in Agrn that results in a partial loss-of-function allele, creating a valid model of CMS. The mutation changes phenylalanine 1061 to serine in the SEA domain of AGRIN, a poorly characterized motif shared by other extracellular proteoglycans. NMJs in homozygous mice progressively degrade postnataly. Severity differs with genetic background, in different muscles, and in different regions within a muscle in a pattern matching mouse models of motor neuron disease. Mutant NMJs have decreased acetylcholine receptor density and an increased subsynaptic reticulum, evident by electron microscopy. Synapses eventually denervate and the muscles atrophy. Molecularly, several factors contribute to the partial loss of AGRIN's function. The mutant protein is found at NMJs, but is processed differently than wild-type, with decreased glycosylation, changes in sensitivity to the protease neurotrypsin and other proteolysis, and less efficient externalization and secretion. Therefore, the Agrn point mutation is a model for CMS caused by Agrn mutations and potentially other related neuromuscular diseases.

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