Expansion of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells following SIRT1 inactivation in the adult brain.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-1-2013

Keywords

Animals, Brain, Cell Differentiation, Cell Lineage, Central Nervous System, Female, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Myelin Sheath, Neural Stem Cells, Oligodendroglia, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha, Sirtuin 1, p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

JAX Source

Nat Cell Biol 2013 Jun; 15(6):614-24.

Volume

15

Issue

6

First Page

614

Last Page

624

ISSN

1476-4679

PMID

23644469

Abstract

Oligodendrocytes-the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system-can be regenerated during adulthood. In adults, new oligodendrocytes originate from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), but also from neural stem cells (NSCs). Although several factors supporting oligodendrocyte production have been characterized, the mechanisms underlying the generation of adult oligodendrocytes are largely unknown. Here we show that genetic inactivation of SIRT1, a protein deacetylase implicated in energy metabolism, increases the production of new OPCs in the adult mouse brain, in part by acting in NSCs. New OPCs produced following SIRT1 inactivation differentiate normally, generating fully myelinating oligodendrocytes. Remarkably, SIRT1 inactivation ameliorates remyelination and delays paralysis in mouse models of demyelinating injuries. SIRT1 inactivation leads to the upregulation of genes involved in cell metabolism and growth factor signalling, in particular PDGF receptor α (PDGFRα). Oligodendrocyte expansion following SIRT1 inactivation is mediated at least in part by AKT and p38 MAPK-signalling molecules downstream of PDGFRα. The identification of drug-targetable enzymes that regulate oligodendrocyte regeneration in adults could facilitate the development of therapies for demyelinating injuries and diseases, such as multiple sclerosis. Nat Cell Biol 2013 Jun; 15(6):614-24.

Link to Full Text

Share

COinS