An Integrative Approach to Precision Cancer Medicine Using Patient-Derived Xenografts.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-29-2016

JAX Source

Mol Cells 2016 Feb 29; 39(2):77-86.

Volume

39

Issue

2

First Page

77

Last Page

86

ISSN

0219-1032

PMID

26831452

Grant

CA034196

Abstract

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease caused by diverse genomic alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Despite recent advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies and development of targeted therapies, novel cancer drug development is limited due to the high attrition rate from clinical studies. Patient-derived xenografts (PDX), which are established by the transfer of patient tumors into immunodeficient mice, serve as a platform for co-clinical trials by enabling the integration of clinical data, genomic profiles, and drug responsiveness data to determine precisely targeted therapies. PDX models retain many of the key characteristics of patients' tumors including histology, genomic signature, cellular heterogeneity, and drug responsiveness. These models can also be applied to the development of biomarkers for drug responsiveness and personalized drug selection. This review summarizes our current knowledge of this field, including methodologic aspects, applications in drug development, challenges and limitations, and utilization for precision cancer medicine. Mol Cells 2016 Feb 29; 39(2):77-86.

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