Genome-wide enrichment of damaging de novo variants in patients with isolated and complex congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-2017

JAX Location

Reprint Collection

JAX Source

Hum Genet 2017 Jun; 136(6):679-691

Volume

136

Issue

6

First Page

679

Last Page

691

ISSN

1432-1203

PMID

28303347

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-017-1774-y

Abstract

Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) is a common and often lethal birth defect characterized by diaphragmatic structural defects and pulmonary hypoplasia. CDH is isolated in 60% of newborns, but may also be part of a complex phenotype with additional anomalies. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on 87 individuals with isolated or complex CDH and on their unaffected parents, to assess the contribution of de novo mutations in the etiology of diaphragmatic and pulmonary defects and to identify new candidate genes. A combined analysis with 39 additional trios with complex CDH, previously published, revealed a significant genome-wide burden of de novo variants compared to background mutation rate and 900 control trios. We identified an increased burden of likely gene-disrupting (LGD, i.e. nonsense, frameshift, and canonical splice site) and predicted deleterious missense (D-mis) variants in complex and isolated CDH patients. Overall, an excess of predicted damaging de novo LGD and D-mis variants relative to the expected frequency contributed to 21% of complex cases and 12% of isolated CDH cases. The burden of de novo variants was higher in genes expressed in the developing mouse diaphragm and heart. Some overlap with genes responsible for congenital heart defects and neurodevelopmental disorders was observed in CDH patients within our cohorts. We propose that de novo variants contribute significantly to the development of CDH. Hum Genet 2017 Jun; 136(6):679-691

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