Document Type

Article

Publication Date

11-11-2022

Publication Title

Sci Adv

Keywords

JGM, Humans, COVID-19 Vaccines, COVID-19, RNA, Messenger, Vaccines, Synthetic, Interferons

JAX Source

Sci Adv. 2022;8(45):eabp9961

Volume

8

Issue

45

First Page

9961

Last Page

9961

ISSN

2375-2548

PMID

36367935

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abp9961

Abstract

Knowledge of the mechanisms underpinning the development of protective immunity conferred by mRNA vaccines is fragmentary. Here, we investigated responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccination via high-temporal resolution blood transcriptome profiling. The first vaccine dose elicited modest interferon and adaptive immune responses, which peaked on days 2 and 5, respectively. The second vaccine dose, in contrast, elicited sharp day 1 interferon, inflammation, and erythroid cell responses, followed by a day 5 plasmablast response. Both post-first and post-second dose interferon signatures were associated with the subsequent development of antibody responses. Yet, we observed distinct interferon response patterns after each of the doses that may reflect quantitative or qualitative differences in interferon induction. Distinct interferon response phenotypes were also observed in patients with COVID-19 and were associated with severity and differences in duration of intensive care. Together, this study also highlights the benefits of adopting high-frequency sampling protocols in profiling vaccine-elicited immune responses.

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Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY).

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