Document Type
Article
Publication Date
7-17-2023
Original Citation
Sahu B,
Johnson L,
Sohrabi M,
Usatii A,
Craig R,
Kaelberer J,
Chandrasekaran S,
Kaur H,
Nookala S,
Combs C.
Effects of Probiotics on Colitis-Induced Exacerbation of Alzheimer's Disease in Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(14):11551.
Keywords
JMG, Mice, Male, Animals, Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Mobile Applications, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Colitis, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Cytokines, Probiotics, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Transgenic
JAX Source
Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(14):11551.
ISSN
1422-0067
PMID
37511312
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411551
Grant
This study was supported by funds from the National Institutes of Health (R01AG048993, 5P20GM113123, U54GM128729, RF1AG069378). Histological services were provided by the UND Histology Core Facility, supported by the NIH/NIGMS award P20GM113123, DaCCoTA CTR NIH grant U54GM128729, and UND SMHS funds
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive decline and is a leading cause of death in the United States. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the progression of AD, and several recent studies suggest that peripheral immune dysfunction may influence the disease. Continuing evidence indicates that intestinal dysbiosis is an attribute of AD, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been shown to aggravate cognitive impairment. Previously, we separately demonstrated that an IBD-like condition exacerbates AD-related changes in the brains of the AppNL-G-F mouse model of AD, while probiotic intervention has an attenuating effect. In this study, we investigated the combination of a dietary probiotic and an IBD-like condition for effects on the brains of mice. Male C57BL/6 wild type (WT) and AppNL-G-F mice were randomly divided into four groups: vehicle control, oral probiotic, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), and DSS given with probiotics. As anticipated, probiotic treatment attenuated the DSS-induced colitis disease activity index in WT and AppNL-G-F mice. Although probiotic feeding significantly attenuated the DSS-mediated increase in WT colonic lipocalin levels, it was less protective in the AppNL-G-F DSS-treated group. In parallel with the intestinal changes, combined probiotic and DSS treatment increased microglial, neutrophil elastase, and 5hmC immunoreactivity while decreasing c-Fos staining compared to DSS treatment alone in the brains of WT mice. Although less abundant, probiotic combined with DSS treatment demonstrated a few similar changes in AppNL-G-F brains with increased microglial and decreased c-Fos immunoreactivity in addition to a slight increase in Aβ plaque staining. Both probiotic and DSS treatment also altered the levels of several cytokines in WT and AppNL-G-F brains, with a unique increase in the levels of TNFα and IL-2 being observed in only AppNL-G-F mice following combined DSS and probiotic treatment. Our data indicate that, while dietary probiotic intervention provides protection against the colitis-like condition, it also influences numerous glial, cytokine, and neuronal changes in the brain that may regulate brain function and the progression of AD.
Comments
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).