Fecal microbiota transplantation improves anti-PD-1 inhibitor efficacy in unresectable or metastatic solid cancers refractory to anti-PD-1 inhibitor.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

8-14-2024

Keywords

JGM, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Humans, Animals, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Mice, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors, Female, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor, Aged, Feces, Adult, Cytokines

JAX Source

Cell Host Microbe. 2024;32(8):1380-93 e9.

ISSN

1934-6069

PMID

39059396

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2024.06.010

Abstract

The gut microbiome significantly influences immune responses and the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. We conducted a clinical trial (NCT04264975) combining an anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from anti-PD-1 responder in 13 patients with anti-PD-1-refractory advanced solid cancers. FMT induced sustained microbiota changes and clinical benefits in 6 of 13 patients, with 1 partial response and 5 stable diseases, achieving an objective response rate of 7.7% and a disease control rate of 46.2%. The clinical response correlates with increased cytotoxic T cells and immune cytokines in blood and tumors. We isolated Prevotella merdae Immunoactis from a responder to FMT, which stimulates T cell activity and suppresses tumor growth in mice by enhancing cytotoxic T cell infiltration. Additionally, we found Lactobacillus salivarius and Bacteroides plebeius may inhibit anti-tumor immunity. Our findings suggest that FMT with beneficial microbiota can overcome resistance to anti-PD-1 inhibitors in advanced solid cancers, especially gastrointestinal cancers.

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