Advancing Animal Models of Human Type 1 Diabetes.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

10-1-2024

Keywords

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Animals, Humans, Mice, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Inbred NOD, Autoimmunity

ISSN

2157-1422

PMID

38886067

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a041587

Abstract

Multiple rodent models have been developed to study the basis of type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and derivative strains still provide the gold standard for dissecting the basis of the autoimmune responses underlying T1D. Here, we review the developmental origins of NOD mice, and how they and derivative strains have been used over the past several decades to dissect the genetic and immunopathogenic basis of T1D. Also discussed are ways in which the immunopathogenic basis of T1D in NOD mice and humans are similar or differ. Additionally reviewed are efforts to "humanize" NOD mice and derivative strains to provide improved models to study autoimmune responses contributing to T1D in human patients.

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