Document Type
Article
Publication Date
4-1-2026
Original Citation
Snyder J,
Harrison D,
Korstanje R,
Ginsburg B,
Reifsnyder PC,
Nelson J,
Leiser S,
Kaczorowski C,
Imai D,
Salmon A,
Strong R,
Ladiges W,
Miller R.
End-of-life pathology in UM-HET3 mice treated with 16 α‑hydroxyestradiol or late‑start canagliflozin. Geroscience. 2026;48(2):1787-97.
Keywords
JMG, Animals, Canagliflozin, Mice, Male, Female, Estradiol, Longevity, Sex Factors
JAX Source
Geroscience. 2026;48(2):1787-97.
ISSN
2509-2723
PMID
40601216
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-025-01741-3
Abstract
Canagliflozin (Cana) started at 16 months of age and 16-hydroxy-estradiol (OH_Est) started at 12 months each led to significant increases in lifespan in male UM-HET3 mice but significant decreases in female lifespan. To seek insights into the basis for these sex-specific effects, we performed end-of-life histopathological analyses of control and treated mice for all three interventions testing program sites. There were no significant drug-induced alterations in inferred cause of death, although statistical power was low for such comparisons. Tabulation of incidental lesions (i.e., combining lethal and non-lethal lesions) revealed a complex set of significant and near-significant changes caused by each of the two agents, in some cases absent, or even opposite in direction, in one of the two sexes. The analysis did not, however, reveal a clear pattern that would explain the selective sex-specific effects of either agent on lifespan. It is plausible that the female-specific harm induced by each of these agents could reflect harmful or toxic effects that are not easily detectable by histopathological examination.
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