Fusion of IgG antibodies to albumin inhibits transport across the placenta.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

8-14-2026

Keywords

JMG, Animals, Female, Pregnancy, Humans, Placenta, Receptors, Fc, Mice, Immunoglobulin G, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Albumins, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Thrombocytopenia, Neonatal Alloimmune

JAX Source

Sci Immunol. 2026 Aug 14;11(122):eaee5151.

ISSN

2470-9468

PMID

42600043

DOI

https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aee5151

Grant

Saudi m inistry of e ducation - King Abdullah Scholarship grant i D1-48834 (h .J.A.- K.), and the Alliance for l upus Research and Nih grant DK56597 (D.c .R.).

Abstract

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-based monoclonal antibodies are effective therapies for cancer, autoimmune diseases, and migraine. However, they are actively transported across the placenta by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), limiting their use during pregnancy. Using mouse models and an ex vivo human placental perfusion system, we show that although FcRn binds albumin independently of IgG, albumin is not transported to the fetus in mice or across human placental tissue. Fusion of IgG to albumin markedly reduced transplacental transport in both models while preserving the prolonged plasma half-life conferred by FcRn. Similarly, fragment antigen-binding fragments fused to engineered albumin with enhanced FcRn binding showed minimal fetal exposure. In a mouse model of fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, albumin fusion of an anti-human platelet antigen IgG reduced fetal antibody transfer and attenuated thrombocytopenia in the offspring. These findings identify albumin as an attractive fusion partner for biologics intended to minimize fetal exposure during pregnancy.

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